What is a functional behavioral assessment (FBA) and how is it used?

• A. A systematic process to identify the function of a behavior, guiding effective interventions.
• B. A method for evaluating reading readiness.
• C. A test of intelligence.
• D. A group activity assessment.

Answer: (A)

Functional behavioral assessment looks at why a student engages in a behavior by examining what happens before, during, and after the behavior to uncover its purpose. By collecting data on antecedents, the behavior itself, and consequences, you can infer the function the student is trying to fulfill. The common functions are to gain attention, escape or avoid a task, obtain a tangible item, or meet a sensory need. Once the function is identified, interventions are designed to address that need directly—often by teaching a more appropriate behavior that serves the same function and by adjusting the environment and reinforcement so the undesired behavior is not rewarded. Ongoing data collection helps determine whether the changes reduce the behavior and inform further adjustments. This approach underpins a Behavior Intervention Plan and ensures supports are tailored to the student’s specific needs rather than focusing only on stopping the behavior. It isn’t about reading readiness, IQ, or group activity assessments.